The European Union slapped Meta with a record $1.3 billion privacy fine Monday and ordered it to stop transferring users含羞草研究社� personal information across the Atlantic by October, the latest salvo in a .

The penalty of 1.2 billion euros is the biggest since the EU含羞草研究社檚 strict data privacy regime took effect five years ago, surpassing in 2021 for data protection violations.

Meta, which had previously warned that services for its users in Europe could be cut off, vowed to appeal and ask courts to immediately put the decision on hold.

The company said 含羞草研究社渢here is no immediate disruption to Facebook in Europe.含羞草研究社� The decision applies to user data like names, email and IP addresses, messages, viewing history, geolocation data and other information that Meta 含羞草研究社� and other tech giants like Google 含羞草研究社� use for targeted online ads.

含羞草研究社淭his decision is flawed, unjustified and sets a dangerous precedent for the countless other companies transferring data between the EU and U.S.,含羞草研究社� Nick Clegg, Meta含羞草研究社檚 president of global affairs, and chief legal officer Jennifer Newstead said in a statement.

It含羞草研究社檚 yet another twist in a legal battle that began in 2013 when Austrian lawyer and privacy activist Max Schrems filed a complaint about Facebook含羞草研究社檚 handling of his data following former National Security Agency contractor of electronic surveillance by U.S. security agencies. That included the disclosure that Facebook gave the agencies access to the personal data of Europeans.

The saga has highlighted the over the differences between Europe含羞草研究社檚 strict view on data privacy and the comparatively lax regime in the U.S., which lacks a federal privacy law. The EU has been a global leader in reining in the power of Big Tech with a series of regulations and protect users含羞草研究社� personal information.

An agreement covering EU-U.S. data transfers known as the by the EU含羞草研究社檚 top court, which said it didn含羞草研究社檛 do enough to protect residents from the U.S. government含羞草研究社檚 electronic prying. Monday含羞草研究社檚 decision confirmed that another tool to govern data transfers 含羞草研究社� stock legal contracts 含羞草研究社� was also invalid.

last year on a reworked Privacy Shield that Meta could use, but the pact is awaiting a decision from European officials on whether it adequately protects data privacy.

EU institutions have been reviewing the agreement, and the bloc含羞草研究社檚 lawmakers , saying the safeguards aren含羞草研究社檛 strong enough.

The Ireland含羞草研究社檚 Data Protection Commission handed down the fine as Meta含羞草研究社檚 lead privacy regulator in the 27-nation bloc because the Silicon Valley tech giant含羞草研究社檚 European headquarters is based in Dublin.

The Irish watchdog said it gave Meta five months to stop sending European user data to the U.S. and six months to bring its data operations into compliance 含羞草研究社渂y ceasing the unlawful processing, including storage, in the U.S.含羞草研究社� of European users含羞草研究社� personal data transferred in violation of the bloc含羞草研究社檚 privacy rules.

In other words, Meta has to erase all that data, which could be a bigger problem than the fine, said Johnny Ryan, senior fellow at the Irish Council for Civil Liberties, a nonprofit rights group that has worked on digital and data issues.

含羞草研究社淭his order to delete data is really a headache for Meta,含羞草研究社� Ryan said. If the company has to scrub data for hundreds of millions of European Union users going back 10 years, 含羞草研究社渋t is very hard to see how it will be able to comply with that order.含羞草研究社�

If a new transatlantic privacy agreement does take effect before the deadlines, 含羞草研究社渙ur services can continue as they do today without any disruption or impact on users,含羞草研究社� Meta said.

Schrems predicted that Meta has 含羞草研究社渘o real chance含羞草研究社� of getting the decision materially overturned. And a new privacy pact might not mean the end of Meta含羞草研究社檚 troubles, because there含羞草研究社檚 a good chance it could be tossed out by the EU含羞草研究社檚 top court, he said.

含羞草研究社淢eta plans to rely on the new deal for transfers going forward, but this is likely not a permanent fix,含羞草研究社� Schrems said in a statement. 含羞草研究社淯nless U.S. surveillance laws gets fixed, Meta will likely have to keep EU data in the EU.含羞草研究社�

Schrems said a possible solution could be a 含羞草研究社渇ederated含羞草研究社� social network, where European data stays in Meta含羞草研究社檚 data centers in Europe, 含羞草研究社渦nless users for example chat with a U.S. friend.含羞草研究社�

Meta warned in its latest earnings report that without a legal basis for data transfers, it will be forced to stop offering its products and services in Europe, 含羞草研究社渨hich would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.含羞草研究社�

The social media company might have to carry out a costly and complex revamp of its operations if it含羞草研究社檚 ultimately forced to stop the transfers. Meta has a fleet of 21 data centers, according to its website, but 17 of them are in the United States. Three others are in the European nations of Denmark, Ireland and Sweden. Another is in Singapore.

Other social media giants are facing pressure over their data practices. about the Chinese-owned short video sharing app含羞草研究社檚 potential cybersecurity risks with a $1.5 billion project to store U.S. user data on Oracle servers.

Kelvin Chan, The Associated Press

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