It含羞草研究社檚 a dinosaur that roamed Alberta含羞草研究社檚 badlands more than 70 million years ago, sporting a big, bumpy, bony head the size of a baby elephant.

On Wednesday, paleontologists near Grande Prairie pulled its 272-kilogram skull from the ground.

They call it 含羞草研究社淏ig Sam.含羞草研究社�

The adult Pachyrhinosaurus is the second plant-eating dinosaur to be unearthed from a dense bonebed belonging to a herd that died together on the edge of a valley that now sits 450 kilometres northwest of Edmonton.

It didn含羞草研究社檛 die alone.

含羞草研究社淲e have hundreds of juvenile bones in the bonebed, so we know that there are many babies and some adults among all of the big adults,含羞草研究社� Emily Bamforth, a paleontologist with the nearby Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, said in an interview on the way to the dig site.

She described the horned Pachyrhinosaurus as 含羞草研究社渢he smaller, older cousin of the triceratops.含羞草研究社�

含羞草研究社淭his species of dinosaur is endemic to the Grand Prairie area, so it含羞草研究社檚 found here and nowhere else in the world. They are 含羞草研究社� kind of about the size of an Indian elephant and a rhino,含羞草研究社� she added.

The head alone, she said, is about the size of a baby elephant.

The discovery was a long time coming.

The bonebed was first discovered by a high school teacher out for a walk about 50 years ago. It took the teacher a decade to get anyone from southern Alberta to come to take a look.

含羞草研究社淎t the time, sort of in the 含羞草研究社�70s and 含羞草研究社�80s, paleontology in northern Alberta was virtually unknown,含羞草研究社� said Bamforth.

When paleontogists eventually got to the site, Bamforth said, they learned 含羞草研究社渋t含羞草研究社檚 actually one of the densest dinosaur bonebeds in North America.含羞草研究社�

含羞草研究社淚t contains about 100 to 300 bones per square metre,含羞草研究社� she said.

Paleontologists have been at the site sporadically ever since, combing through bones belonging to turtles, dinosaurs and lizards. Sixteen years ago, they discovered a large skull of an approximately 30-year-old Pachyrhinosaurus, which is now at the museum.

About a year ago, they found the second adult: Big Sam.

Bamforth said both dinosaurs are believed to have been the elders in the herd.

含羞草研究社淭heir distinguishing feature is that, instead of having a horn on their nose like a triceratops, they had this big, bony bump called a boss. And they have big, bony bumps over their eyes as well,含羞草研究社� she said.

含羞草研究社淚t makes them look a little strange. It含羞草研究社檚 the one dinosaur that if you find it, it含羞草研究社檚 the only possible thing it can be.含羞草研究社�

The genders of the two adults are unknown.

Bamforth said the extraction was difficult because Big Sam was intertwined in a cluster of about 300 other bones.

The skull was found upside down, 含羞草研究社渁s if the animal was lying on its back,含羞草研究社� but was well preserved, she said.

She said the excavation process involved putting plaster on the skull and wooden planks around if for stability. From there, it was lifted out 含羞草研究社� very carefully 含羞草研究社� with a crane, and was to be shipped on a trolley to the museum for study.

含羞草研究社淚 have extracted skulls in the past. This is probably the biggest one I含羞草研究社檝e ever done though,含羞草研究社� said Bamforth.

含羞草研究社淚t含羞草研究社檚 pretty exciting.含羞草研究社�