A Brazilian Supreme Court panel on Monday unanimously upheld the decision of one of its justices to block billionaire Elon Musk含羞草研究社檚 social media platform X nationwide, according to the court含羞草研究社檚 website.

The broader support among justices undermines the effort by Musk and his supporters to cast Justice Alexandre de Moraes as an authoritarian renegade who is intent on censoring political speech in Brazil.

The panel that voted in a virtual session was comprised of five of the full bench含羞草研究社檚 11 justices, including de Moraes, who last Friday ordered the platform blocked for refusing to name a local legal representative, as required by law. It will stay suspended until it complies with his orders and pays outstanding fines that as of last week exceeded $3 million, according to his decision.

The platform has clashed with de Moraes over its reluctance to block users, and has alleged that de Moraes wants an in-country legal representative so that Brazilian authorities can exert leverage over the company by having someone to arrest.

De Moraes also set a daily fine of 50,000 reais ($8,900) for people or companies using virtual private networks, or VPNs, to access X. Some legal experts questioned the grounds for that decision and how it would be enforced, including Brazil含羞草研究社檚 bar association, which said it would request the Supreme Court review that provision.

But the majority of the panel upheld the VPN fine 含羞草研究社� with one justice opposing unless users are shown to be using X to commit crimes.

Brazil is one of the biggest markets for X, with tens of millions of users. Its block marked a dramatic escalation in a monthslong feud between Musk and de Moraes over free speech, far-right accounts and misinformation.

Over the weekend, many X users in Brazil said they felt disconnected from the world and began migrating en masse to alternative platforms, like Bluesky and Threads.

And the suspension has proceeded to set up a showdown between de Moraes and Musk含羞草研究社檚 satellite internet provider Starlink, which is refusing to enforce the justice含羞草研究社檚 decision.

含羞草研究社淗e violated the constitution of Brazil repeatedly and egregiously, after swearing an oath to protect it,含羞草研究社� Musk wrote in the hours before the vote, adding a flurry of insults and accusations in the wake of the panel含羞草研究社檚 vote. On Sunday, Musk announced the creation of an X account to publish the justice含羞草研究社檚 decisions that he said would show they violated Brazilian law.

But legal experts have said such claims don含羞草研究社檛 hold water, noting in particular that de Moraes含羞草研究社� peers have repeatedly endorsed his rulings 含羞草研究社� as they did on Monday. Although his actions are viewed by experts as legal, they have sparked some debate over whether one man has been afforded too much power, or if his rulings should have more transparency.

De Moraes含羞草研究社� decision to quickly refer his order for panel approval served to obtain 含羞草研究社渃ollective, more institutional support that attempts to depersonalize the decision,含羞草研究社� Conrado H眉bner, a constitutional law expert at the University of Sao Paulo, told The Associated Press.

It is standard for a justice to refer such cases to a five-justice panel, H眉bner said. In exceptional cases, the justice also could refer the case to the full bench for review. Had de Moraes done the latter, two justices who have questioned his decisions in the past 含羞草研究社� and were appointed by former right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro 含羞草研究社� would have had the opportunity to object or hinder the vote含羞草研究社檚 advance.

X含羞草研究社檚 block already led de Moraes last week to freeze the Brazilian financial assets of Starlink as a means to force it to cover X含羞草研究社檚 fines, reasoning that the two companies are part of the same economic group. The company says it has more than 250,000 clients in Brazil.

Legal experts have questioned the legal basis of that move, and Starlink含羞草研究社檚 law firm Veirano has told the AP it has appealed the freeze. It declined to comment further.

In a show of defiance, Starlink told the telecommunications regulator Anatel that it will not block X access until its financial accounts are unfrozen, Anatel含羞草研究社檚 press office said in an email to the AP. Starlink didn含羞草研究社檛 respond to a request for comment.

That means a shutdown of Starlink is likely, although enforcement will be difficult given the company含羞草研究社檚 satellites aren含羞草研究社檛 inside national territory, said Luca Belli, coordinator of the Technology and Society Center at the Getulio Vargas Foundation. It is popular in Brazil含羞草研究社檚 expansive rural and forested areas.

Anatel含羞草研究社檚 President Carlos Baigorri told local media GloboNews late Sunday afternoon that he has relayed Starlink含羞草研究社檚 decision to Justice de Moraes.

Baigorri told GloboNews that the 含羞草研究社渕aximum sanction含羞草研究社� for a telecom company would be revocation of its license. He said if Starlink loses its license and continues providing service, it would be committing a crime. Anatel could seize equipment from Starlink含羞草研究社檚 23 ground stations in Brazil that ensure the quality of its internet service, he said.

含羞草研究社淚t is highly probable there is a political escalation,含羞草研究社� because Starlink is 含羞草研究社渆xplicitly refusing to comply with orders, national laws,含羞草研究社� said Belli, who is also a professor at the Getulio Vargas Foundation含羞草研究社檚 law school.

The arguments from Musk, a self-proclaimed 含羞草研究社渇ree-speech absolutist,含羞草研究社� have found fertile ground with Brazil含羞草研究社檚 political right, who view de Moraes含羞草研究社� actions as political persecution against Bolsonaro含羞草研究社檚 supporters.

On Brazilian orders, X previously has shut down accounts including of lawmakers affiliated with Bolsonaro含羞草研究社檚 right-wing party and far-right activists accused of undermining Brazilian democracy. X含羞草研究社檚 lawyers in April sent a document to the Supreme Court, saying that since 2019 it had suspended or blocked 226 users.

Bolsonaro and his allies have cheered on Musk for defying de Moraes. Supporters rallied in April along Rio de Janeiro含羞草研究社檚 Copacabana beach with a giant sign reading 含羞草研究社淏razil Thanks Elon Musk.含羞草研究社�

Earlier that month, de Moraes ordered an investigation into Musk over the dissemination of defamatory fake news and another probe over possible obstruction, incitement and criminal organization.

Bolsonaro is also the target of a de Moraes probe over whether the former president had a role in inciting an attempted coup to overturn the results of the 2022 election that he lost.

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S谩 Pessoa reported from Sao Paulo.

David Biller And Gabriela S谩 Pessoa, The Associated Press